Deception detection denotes the examining techniques used to determine a person’s faithfulness and reliability. This is mostly determined through the deliberation of particular behavioral and bodily cues and larger circumstantial and situational information.
What Techniques are used to Identify Deception?
While historians are still determining when or where deception detection practices originated, it is quite clear that humans put all their attempts into figuring out how to tell if someone has been deceitful for centuries. Fortunately, the practices have advanced massively over time, shifting from non-scientific trials to more biologically-oriented testing (i.e., graphology and phrenology). Today’s interrogation methods to identify deception combine human behavior and high-tech systems (i.e., artificial intelligence and polygraphs). Sergeant Mike Ruggiero’s learning body language books Uncover the Truth Class Discussion Booklet and Uncover the Truth Unlocking the Skills of Body Language and Statement Analysis are fascinating booklets on detecting deception. Mike is one the best speaking truth-to-power authors and has described his class discussions perfectly in these books.
The Challenges of Identifying Detection
There isn’t any single, conclusive sign of deception itself; no facial expression, muscle cramp, or motion verifies that a person is deceitful with complete certainty. So, most recent-day techniques of deception identification depend on a wide variety of methods to analyze, collect and understand physiological and psychological data.
Still, any data collected merely expose emotional cues that may or may not be related to dishonesty. For instance, palms tend to get sweaty during a job interview, and the interviewers fear being caught in a lie about their experiences. Or sweaty palms might illustrate their anxiety and fear that the interviewer won’t believe their experiences regardless of being fully honest on their resume. Or, their palms might be sweaty because they’re concerned about something else, like their sick child at home.
There are still many possible causes why a person might be in a state of extreme stress that would cause sweaty palms, particularly during high-stakes circumstances. Still, further examination is required to know the actual reason.
Do Lie Detectors Detect Deception?
The polygraph lies detector functions on the same principles as identifying behavioral betrayals of deception and is susceptible to similar problems. However, the polygraph exam doesn’t typically detect lies; just cues of stress that necessitate further examination.
What Do Lies Appear Like?
Many noticeable cues relate to lying, but they aren’t always manifest. The absence of these cues doesn’t signify that a person is reliable, but their presence, combined with other signs, hints towards potential deceit. An invaluable part in identifying deception first forms a “baseline,” or behavior deliberated as “normal” for the individual being questioned. According to human behavior books, the basic procedure of behavioral identifying detection comprises looking for cues that signal deviations or changes from this baseline. These can be noticed through “hot spots” through various noticeable channels like facial expressions, verbal style, body language, voice, and satisfaction.
Facial Cues to Deception
Micro Terminologies
When someone lies, the face typically depicts two messages- what the liar wishes to exhibit and what he wishes to hide. Usually, these concealed sentiments leak as a micro expression, a transitory and involuntary facial expression showing true sentiments. While researchers caution that even a single micro-expression doesn’t offer decisive proof of deceit, micro-expressions can be among the most effective body language behaviors to observe to show a person is lying. However, since they are fleeting, the expression usually must be recorded in order to be evaluated.
Deceitful Expressions
Any emotive expression can be used to hide any other emotion. Among all emotions, studies have revealed that often forged emotional facial expressions are unequal. Some felt expressions are unequal, it is that most are not. In sadness or fear, a hint that emotion is forged is the absence of a steadfast forehead expression.
A key sign that a contentment expression is fabricated is when the eye muscles aren’t involved when smiling. The absence of movement in the outer section of the muscle that circulates the eye (orbicularis oculist pars lateralis) differentiates a fake smile from an honest thing. Sometimes, this difference is difficult to identify, and we are most easily misled by broad grins that are fabricated, which could also clarify why it’s among the most common emotional cover.